13/4 cups (220 g) all-purpose flour, plus 1 tablespoon for tossing blueberries
2teaspoonsbaking powder
1/2teaspoonbaking soda
1/2teaspoonfine salt
2/3cup(135 g) granulated sugar
Zest of 1 large lemon (about 1 tablespoon), plus 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
1/2cup(115 g) unsalted butter, melted and cooled (or use neutral oil for extra moisture)
2largeeggs, room temperature
3/4cup(180 ml) buttermilk (or whole milk + 1 teaspoon lemon juice as a swap)
11/2 teaspoons vanilla extract
11/2 cups fresh blueberries, rinsed and patted dry
3/4cup(90 g) powdered sugar
1–2 tablespoons milk (adjust to desired consistency)
1/2teaspoonvanilla extract
Pinch of salt (to balance sweetness)
Instructions
Prep the pan and oven: Heat oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease lightly.
Mix dry ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk flour (reserve 1 tablespoon), baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
Flavor the sugar: In a separate bowl, rub lemon zest into the sugar with your fingers until fragrant and slightly damp.
Combine wet ingredients: Whisk the zested sugar with melted butter, eggs, buttermilk, vanilla, and lemon juice until smooth.
Bring it together: Pour wet into dry.
Stir gently with a spatula just until a few streaks of flour remain. Do not overmix.
Toss and fold berries: Toss blueberries with the reserved 1 tablespoon flour. Fold into the batter with 3–4 gentle strokes.
Fill the cups: Divide batter evenly.
For tall domes, fill each cup almost to the top. Sprinkle a little coarse sugar on top if you like.
Bake high, then finish: Bake 5 minutes at 400°F (200°C), then reduce heat to 350°F (175°C) without opening the door. Bake 12–14 minutes more, until tops are golden and a toothpick comes out clean.
Cool: Let muffins rest in the pan 5 minutes, then transfer to a rack to cool completely.
Glaze: Whisk powdered sugar, milk, vanilla, and a pinch of salt until smooth and pourable.
Drizzle over cooled muffins. Let set a few minutes before serving.